Divisio Cryptophyta
Plankton is a small
organism that lives in a pool of water and its movement follows the movement of
water masses. Based on how to obtain food plankton divided atasa: phytoplankton
and zooplankton. Inside the phytoplankton there are several divisions which one
of them is Cryptophyta division.
Cryptophyta is a unique
unicellular group. This group is eukaryotic, which has esophagus. All of these
species have flagellum, are motile, and have one or two chloroplasts and have
clorophyl a and c, phycocyanin and phycoeretrine as well as some carotenoids
that give a brownish color to their body. Can do photosynthesis or survive by
using bacteria. It is generally not used as a feed in aquaculture environment,
however, the population in nature is food for rotifers, shellfish, oysters and
shrimp larvae.
In this paper we will
discuss the general characteristics, structure, classification, and
reproductive system of Cryptophyta.
A. General characteristics
1. Cryptophyta is a
single celled ganging that has two flagella used for swimming.
2. Has photosynthetic
pigments consisting of chlorophyll a and b as in plants, carotene and some
xanthophiles.
3. A relatively small
group, but ecologically and evolution is important.
For example:
Phytoplankton whose habitats are in freshwater and marine environments.
4. Food reserve of
starch, cell wall consists of cellulose, xylan, manan, some not cell wall, and
has flagella 1-8 fruit.
5. This biota has
dorsiventral asymmetric cells and the body is surrounded by periplast.
6. A pair of flagella
appears in the ventral part and is an extension of an alley, which is located
on the anterior end of the cell. Example of Cryptomonas ovate flagella
7. Flagella can be of
the same size or not the same length, homodinamic or heterodynamic, such as
hard and soft hair as flagella in Chrysophyta or Phaeophyta
8. This biota has clear
pigmentation. Nonetheless, there are also colorless biota.
9. The color of
pigmentation causes the biota to be red, blue, yellow, brown or green.
10. Pigment color
changes may occur. Eg: Chroomonas salina when young is red, but after the old
tends to be green.
11. Chloroplast is
surrounded by four layers of membrane. The two deepest layers are a strong
shell to protect the chloroplast. The two outermost layers are the chloroplast
endoplasm reticulum (cer).
B. Structures
cell structure
cryotiphyta
Cryptophyta is
elliptical and has 2 flagella. Cryptophyta has a unique cellular cover called
periplast containing ejektosomonas (also called trichocysts), tightly strands
that meligkar of proteins that also contain toxins. Ejektosomones this is a
defense mechanism. A cell may excrete ejektosomones if they feel threatened by
predators, such as zooplankers. Ejektosomones are distracting and give
Cryptophyta time to swim away.
Cryptophyta can eat
prey (heterotrophic) or use photosynthesis (autotrophic) to obtain energy for
cells. Different cells due to the pikel on feriplast are called grooves. Inside
a groove, or a more ejektosome throat. Cells capable of ingesting (eating)
bacteria or protoctists and toxins from ejektosome subdue or kill their prey.
Cells that photosynthesize using chlorophyll and pigment access. Cryptophyta
has additional pigments of alpha-carotene, cryptoxanthin and alloxanthi.
C. Reproduction
The reproductive system
Cryptophyta is divided into two stages: Asexual Reproduction and Sexual
Reproduction
1. Asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
cryotiphyta
The asexual
reproduction of Cryptophyta division is done by mitosis. Mitosis is a division
of body cells. Cells also have cytokinesis, a cytoplasmic division of the
posterior end. Plastid and nucleomorph are divided before mitosis, the
nucleomorph moves to the opposite end of the plastid.
The asexual
reproduction of Cryptophyta division is done by splitting the cell lengthwise /
longitudinally / vertically. Asexual / vegetative reproduction occurs either
when the cell is in motile condition or in a resting state.
For those who have two
flagella, one of the tiller cells may carry both the old flagella and the
tiller cells will produce a new flagella or may occur each of the tiller cells
carry one flagella and then each will produce one more flagella.
2. Sexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
cryotiphyta
In general, the sexual
reproduction of cryptophyta divisions has not been well studied or sometimes
reports of these reproductions have not been confirmed well.
The sexual reproduction
of the Cryptophyta division is to melalyu male gamete cells joining the female
gamete cells of the same size (isogami). Then there is the fusion of cells
(fusion) and formed the next zygote ineiosis and become a new individual. For
example the genus Cryptomonos.
D. Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Cryptophyta
Class: Cryptopiceae
Genus: Crryptomonas
Species: - Cryptomonas
ovate
- Cryptomonas major
- Chroomonas salina
- Chilomonas paramecium
E. Distribution
1. Fresh water and sea.
2. Freshwater lakes,
ponds and moats, especially in the cold waters. Dominant species in some
Antarctic lakes. Also found in waterial sandy beach interestial.
F. The role of life
1. Through the process
of photosynthesis, chlorella converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2). In
the human body, this oxidation process cleans the cell and circulatory tissues.
2. Most cryptomonadales
chlorella sorokiniana cell cells can be digested; 95% of the digestive process
is performed by the body for less than 2 hours. Compare with other products
that take up to 5 hours.
3. Cryptomonadales
chlorella contains a large amount of protein that is balanced with the amino
acid composition.
4. Cryptomonadales
chlorella has vitamins and minerals contained with large amounts of active
phytonutrients, a rich source of DNA & RNA that can help rejuvenate the
body's cell structure.
5. Cryptomonadales
chlorella contains chlorophyll (green) and phycocyanin (blue) in large
quantities. Chlorophyll is known for blood filter. Phycocyanin is a powerful
antioxidant substance and can be used to protect the liver (liver) and kidneys.
6. Cryptomonadales
chlorella has the ability to convert acidic cells into neutral conditions. The
acid cell condition makes a person susceptible to disease.
7. Cryptomonadales
chlorella is a very powerful immune booster.
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