Practicum biology of plant anatomy and journals about Cells (crystals, anthocyanins, plasmolysis, protoclast cell isoloids)

I. Date Pratikum: March 10, 2016

II. Pre-tested headings: 

Cells (crystals, anthocyanins, plasmolysis, protoplast cell iso- lations)

III. Purpose of Pratikum:

1. To observe the sand crystals

2. To observe the drusen crystal (star-shaped)

3. To observe the needle crystal (rafida)

4. To observe sistolit

5. To observe anthocyanin

6. To observe the event of plasmolisis

IV. Basic theory :

Plasmolysis is the occurrence of shrinking of the cytoplasm and the loss of plasma membrane from the cell wall of cells if the cells are included in hypertonic solutions. Plasmolysis is also a process that can clearly show that cells are the smallest unit of life (Haspari, 2008: 67).

Anthocyanins are a purplish red-colored pigment in fruits, flavonoid compounds that can protect cells from ultravioled. Has a good antioxidant effect because it can inhibit various free radicals (Novianti, 2005: 178).

Protoplasma is a plant cell that has been separated from its cell wall or plant cell without being wrapped by a cell wall, prtoplasma is very important in the field of genetic engineering (Sukamadjaja, 2006: 245).

V. Tools and Materials:

A. Tools

1. Microscope

2. Glass object

3. Silette

4. Pipette drops

5. Glass objects

6. Glass cover

7. Wipes or tissues

B. Materials

1. Cross section of eggplant (Solanum tuberosum) and Begonia sp

2. Cross-section of papaya papaya leaf stalk in the water

3. Cross section of Mirabilis jalapa leaves

4. Cross section of Ficus elastica leaf in water

5. Cross-sectional surface of Rhoe discolor leaves

6. Cross-sectional surface of Rhoe discolor leaves in 5% sucrose

7. Chili Leaf

8. Leaf green beans

VI. Ways of working

1. Crystal

A. Made a transverse incision preparat

B. Put on the object object glass

C. Dripped water and cover with cover glass

D. Then observed with a microscope

2. Anthocyanins

A. Made an incision 3 bottom surface leaves adam air

B. Placed on three different glass objects, the glass object 1 is given a droplet of aquades, the glass object 2 is given a droplet of 1% KOH solution and the last one is given 1% HCL silenced one minute.

C. Observed under a microscope.

3. Plasmolysis

A. Made 2 bottom surface cuts Rhoe discolor leaves

B. Put on the glass object

C. Glass object 1 water drop, second drop 5% sucrose covered with cover glass and observed under microscope.

4. Cell isolation and protoplasm

A. Washed clean chili seeds and green beans with aquades and Clorox 20%

B. Planted chili seeds in glass bottles containing the paper and then let it grow until approximately 3-5 days

C. Silenced leaves, chopped and then placed on aquaded petridish and observed under a microscope

VII. Observation result

Anthocyanins

  

VIII. Discussion

Cells are the smallest physiological structural unity in living organisms. Cells are suspended by protoplasm and cell wall. The protoplasm is the whole of the cell consisting of the cytoplasm, in the protoplasm there are cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids and others. In non protoplasts there are vacuoles and ergastic substances.

This time, we observed crystals and anthocyanies. The crystals we observed there are several kinds of sand crystals, drusen crystals, needle crystals, anthocyanins, systoles and plasmolysis events. Crystals are usually composed of calcium oxalate formed due to excess cambium in the cell which is then bound to metabolism results such as oxalic acid which is in high concentration and harmful to the cell. Crystals are commonly found in plant cells and dissolved in cell fluids. These pigments can cause a pink, purple-red color of the organs in plants.

On the Solanum ningrum rods, we observed and found numerous sand crystals and scattered in the cell. On the Carica papaya stalk, we observed the drusen crystal contained in its star-shaped cell. In the leaves of Ficus elastica we observed the systole on the leaf tissue and there was a crystal clump near the epidermal tissue. On the underside of the Rho discolor leaf, we observed a purple anthocyanin added with ordinary water, but then we mn = encoba added with 1% HCL solution which then the purple color began to fade. And lastly we added KOH 1% then the purple color disappeared.

IX. Conclusion

1. Cells are the smallest physiological structural unity in living organisms.

2. Cells are suspended by protoplasm and cell wall.

3. The protoplasm is the whole of the cell consisting of the cytoplasm.

4. Cytoplasm is a more concentrated liquid with an arrangement Chemistry.

5. In non protoplasts there are vacuoles and ergastic substances. 

6. On the Solanum ningrum rods, we observed and found sand crystals that were numerous and scattered in cells.

7. On the Carica papaya stalk, we observed the drusen crystal contained in its star-shaped cells.

8. In Ficus elastica we observed sistolite.

9. Rhoe discolor, we observe anthocyanin.

10. The color of the anthocyanin was changed by adding different fluids.