Chlorophyta Uniseluler
Actually chlorophyta is
unicellular and multicellular, this time we will discuss why he is unicellular
and what are his main characteristics from others and others deh. Unicellular
Chlorophyta is one class of algae whose cells are eukaryotes (essentially wrapped
by membranes).
Chlorophyta or green
algae is the most abundant algae in the world compared to other algae.
Chlorophyta is called green algae because it has a very large number of
chlorophyll pigments A and B and several other pigments such as xanthophiles
etc. contained in chloroplasts. As we know chloroplast there are several types
of shapes, there is a bowl shape, saucer, round etc. Later under will I
utarakan. Chlorophyta acts as a producer in the ecosystem. Various types of
algae that live free in water, especially those whose bodies are single-celled
and able to move actively constituted pitoplankton. Some fitolankton are green
algae, their chlorophyll pigments actively carry out photosynthesis so that
green algae are the main producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Green algae do not show
a high degree of deference but the species is present in the world of
approximately 7000 species both on land and sea, life can be colonized and
individually. Some of these cholophyta live as pytoplankton and there is also a
photoautotroph. His place of life is in damp soil, wet walls, in the snow, or
clinging to the body of plants or animals. As we know, the famous symbiotic
mutualism is the symbiosis between chlorophyta and fungi (fungi) known as
Lichenes (crust mushrooms), examples of chlorophyta that are symbiotic with the
fungus to form lichen, namely Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia. Unicellular
chlorophyta is single celled single celled and immobilized (has flagella and
active moves).
well we turn to the characteristics of chlorophyta
for
the characteristics of Chlorophyta itself separated some start of body
structure, then habitat of life, system or how to reproduce and others
a. Habitat
This green algae is
very much present in freshwater life, but there is no chance he can live in
other places like living in sea water and brackish water. It is generally
attached to rocks and often appears when water falls. For unicellular
chlorophyta that can live in fresh water, it is cosmopolitan, especially in
places where the light is quite like ponds, lakes, puddles, some of its members
live in floating or drifting water, some live as plankton.
b. body structure
the structure of the
body is very varied among the contrived groups of its own, then the green algae
can be grouped as follows:
Unicellular unlelike
chlorophyta (non-motile), eg Chlorella and Chlorococcum.
Unicellular chlorophyta
that can move (motile), for example Clamydomonas.
c. Cell structure
Chloroplasts on
unicellular Chlorophyta
- Chloroplasts
Starting from
chloroplast. As described above the chloroplasts in this there are several such
pigments. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, beta carotene and various xantofil
(lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin). The chloroplast follows the shape of its
feeding cells there are various forms we meet in Chlorophyta. The shape of
chloroplasts varies greatly. Variations in chloroplast form are as follows:
· The shape of the
bowl: Clamydomonas, Chlorococcum
· Spherical shape:
Chlorella
· Belt shape: Ulotrix
· Form of discs: Chara
· Woven form: Oedogonium
· Spiral shape:
Spyrogyra
· Star shape: Zygnema
The sheets of Amylum
sheets themselves are unbranched glucose chains of amylose and
amylopectin-branched chains. Often the starch is formed in the granules along
with the protein body in the plastids called the pythenoid. But some species do
not have pythhenols as high-grade chlorophyta. The number of pythoids common in
each particular cell can be used as taxonomic evidence.
- Cell wall
As in the cell wall is
generally the compiler of the cell wall, among others, the top two inner layers
arranged by cellulose and the outer layer is pectin. But some do not have
cellulose, but are composed by glycoproteins. Many types of chlorophyceae have a
wall ornamentation type that is useful in classification.
- Food Reserves
Its feeding reserves
are highly advanced ie starch, starch itself is composed by amylose (unbranched
glucose chain) and branched-chain amylopectin (glucose chain)). The amylum is present
in granules with proteins and plastids (pirenoid). But there is also no
pythonoid and this type is a group of high-level Chlorophyceae.
- The cell nucleus
Chlorophyta has a
single common nucleus, but others have more than one nucleus such as Shiponales
in its essence itself as in a high level plant that is covered by nuclear
membrane and there are nucleus and chromstin.
- Flagella
Flagella itself is a
mobile device in the cell. There are two types of phototactic movement in
Chlorophyta namely, movement with flagella and mucus secretion. In general,
green algae cells both vegetative cells and generative cells found motion
tools. Flagel is associated with a very fine structure called the neuromotor
apparatus, is a granule at the base of each flagella called blepharoplas. The
granules are each connected by a transverse thread called paradesmose. While on
the movement with the secretion of mucus caused by a light stimulus that is
suspected by the presence of mucus secretion through the porous cell wall on
the apical part of the cell. During the forward movement the pole part swings
from one side to the other so that the mucus of the rear part is like winding.
d. Reproduction
Reproduction of
Uniseluler Chlorophyta
Actually there are
several ways of breeding on Chlorphyta:
a. Vegetatively,
reproduction is done by fragmentation of the body and cell division, such as
Chlorella.
b. Generatively,
proliferation is done by conjugation, such as Clamydomonas.
c. Asexually that is,
breeding by forming a special cell that is able to develop into a new
individual without the melting of the sex cells. In general with spores, it is
therefore often called sporikic zoospora proliferation formed by vegetative
cells.
d. Sexually, that is,
in this breeding occurs with several types of isogamy (Clorococcum), anisogami,
and oogami. The isogamic type is the simplest sexual breeding and leads to
anisogamy. In the anisogami type each type is a free cell of unequal size.
While the type of oogami each gamete has shown the difference in size and
shape.
Classification
1. Chlorella
Kingdom: Protista
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Chlorococcales
Family: Oocystaceae
Genus: Chlorella
Species: Chlorella
vulgaris pyrenoidosa
2. Chlorococcum
Kingdom: Protista
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Chlorococcales
Family: Chlorococcaceae
Genus: Clorococcacum
Species: Chlorococcum
infusionum
3. Clamydomonas
Kingdom: Protista
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Volvocales
Family: Clamydomonadaceae
Genus: Clamydomonas
Species: Clamydomonas
nivalis
Role for Life
1. Chlorella vulgaris
by biologists from Japan have been tried to be processed into various foods,
thereby opening up new prospects on food production.
2. Green algae can be
the mainstay in studying evolution, especially as the starting point of the
evolutionary line.
3. Green algae are also
important as a food source for many protozoa and aquatic animals. Chlorella is
unicellular, both as organisms that are full of details of photosynthesis as
well as possibly food sources in areas not suitable for conventional
agriculture.
4. Green algae is a
major producer in aquatic ecosystems, in addition Chlorella one of the members
of Chlorophyceae have very high nutrition, in this algae cells there is also a
kind of antibiotic substances that can inhibit the growth of bacteria.
5. As an alternative
food for astronauts, especially chlorella species (because the chlorelin
content contains lots of vitamin E).
6. Produce O2 (oxygen)
and the result of photositensis required by other animals to breathe.
CONCLUSION
Chlorophyta (green
algae) is an algae that has a very diverse form, which is often encountered is
the form of filaments (such as yarn) with septa or without septa, and shaped
sheet. Green algae have cell walls composed of cellulose, and they contain vacuoles
coated by the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm there are chloroplasts containing
chlorophyll -a and b and carotenoids.
Unicellular Chlorophyta
is a single celled chlorophyta eukaryote. Its classification includes single
celled immobilized and single celled can move (has flagella). Unicellular
Chlorophyta live in fresh water, cosmopolitan, living primarily in areas of
considerable light such as ponds, lakes, puddles, some living in floating or
drifting water, some living as plankton. The form of chloroplasts in algae
varies greatly, namely the shape of bowls, belts, discs, webbing, spirals, and
stars. Unicellular chlorophyta reproduces by cell division, isogamy, and
conjugation. Unicellular Chlorophyta also has a role for life as a source of
food for many protozoa and aquatic animals, major in aquatic ecosystems, and
others
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kimball, J., W. 1992. Biologi Jilid 3. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Tjitrosomo, S. S. 1983. Botani Umum 3. Bandung : Angkasa Bandung.
Yasnibar. 2005. Biologi untuk SMA/MA Kelas I. Banda Aceh : Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.
Miftahul Ulum, 2012. Revisi Modul 2 Chlorophyta (Ganggang Hijau).academia,edu/8834780/MODUL_2_CHLOROPHYTA diakses tanggal 21 September 2015).
No comments:
Post a Comment