Aves Definition Characteristics Classification

Aves Definition Characteristics Classification

1. definition

Aves class is a class of vertebrate animals that are warm-blooded with feathers and wings. Members of this class have a high adaptability to the environment, so that the animal is able to survive and multiply in a particular place. The characteristics of the breastbone grow large and flattened, the members of the back motion adapt to walk, swim and perch. The mouth has been modified into the beak of the beak, has a pocket, the heart consists of 4 chambers, the lower jaw has no teeth because its teeth have disappeared which is replaced by a mild beak of horn and breed by laying. Almost all parts of a typical bird's anatomy are modified in some ways to improve flying ability. The bones of the birds have an internal structure that resembles a honeycomb, which makes it strong but light. Another adaptation reduces the weight of birds is the absence of some organs, for example in female birds have only one organ (Jingmai, 2008: 341).

In addition to the modifixation that enhances the ability to fly the most obvious bird adaptation to fly is the wing. The bird wing is an airfil depicting the same aerodynamic principle as an airplane wing. To provide the power to fly, the birds flutter the wings for large pectoral muscle contractions that add a tuna (keel) and breastbone (Campbell, 2008: 34). The oldest fossil birds are found in Germany and are known as Archaeptryx (Guillano, 2007: 25).

Aves evolution comes from reptiles it is not without cause, we can find the characteristics that aves have also owned by reptiles, that is there are horn scales found on aves feet, and also hot-blooded.

2. Characteristics

In addition to having a feather covering almost the entire body, the bird also has several other characteristics and special parts of the body that I will explain below, including:

1. Feather: the feathers themselves are divided into two kinds that are owned by birds

- Complete fur (plumae), which is said to be complete is to have complete parts used for flying and other things. Parts include: feather and featherweight. The hairstyles consist of: calamus and rachir. The feather sheets are composed of rows of barbae, between the barbae and the corresponding barbes.

- Incomplete bristles composed of: plumulae suspended from a short calamus, bareless barbae, barbules that are not related to one another. The filoplumar consists of calamus and rachis (bar no one), barbae located at the end and no barbulae.

Fur functions to wrap the body, maintain body temperature and to fly, the color of the feather serves to blend with the environment, tricking predators and attracting couples during the breeding season.

2. Bill

There are several characteristics of the beak of them:

- Length: when the size is longer than the bird's head

- Short: when the size of the half of the aves is shorter than the head

- Associated: is when the upper part is longer and curved over the bottom, sometimes also said to be hooked when the tip is curved against the building like a hook.

- Straight when the line between the top and bottom is straight and its base to the tip of the beak

Flat flat: is the part of the beak is flatter than the rising

- Toothed: when the upper beak edge of the tooth tooth

- Big marsupial: when morning and throat extends to form tooth tooth.

3. Wing with character traits

- Length: when the size of the second bend to the end, more anjang from the body.

- Short: when viewed the wing is shorter than the body

- Spherical: the middle primary is the part with the longest feather, the rest gradually retracts to the base and to the wingtips.

- Pointy: when primarius palinh tip is the longest feather plumage.

4. Tarsometatartus with its characteristics

- Scutella: when scales are arranged over each other

- Reticulate: when scales are irregular

- Serrata: scaly bia scales posteriorly composed of berrigi rigi

- Boated; When tarsus is not scaled.

5. Fingers

- Flat (flat): hallux attached to the tip of the tarsus like the other finger

- Lifting: hallux attached to the higher part do over the attachment of the other finger.

6. Foot type

There are several types of aves in which the structure is in line with the fungsu, such as the type of perch, walk etc.

- Type perch, distinguished on:

A. Passerine: if hallux is attached with another finger

B. Zygodactvla: 2 fingers forward, and 2 others to the back.

- Type of walking: is the type used for walking, usually in the chicken, halluces when hallux up, so its position higher than the others.

- Type of swimming: this type one of them on the duck, distinguished on:

A. Palmata: 3 curries forward connected by membrane, 1st free finger

B. Totipalmata: the four fingers are connected by a fine membrane.

- There are also some other types such as nyeker, taking prey (gasping), climbing (climbing).

7. Claw degan characteristic pointy (curved claws and pointed), and obtuse (if the claws slightly curved, blunt ends).

8. Tails, there are several tail sizes owned by aves, among them:

- Length: when the size is longer than the body

- Short: when the size is shorter or the same length with the body

- Flatten: when all the coat is long

- Spherical: is the part of the long hair that is much longer, increasingly to the edge gradually retracted

- Pointed: if the middle coat is longer than the other feathers

- And shaped.

3. Classification

There are two subclasses of the aves, among which the Archaenithes subclass is a sub class with its separate metacarpal tooth and no pigostyl, as well as the neorphitha subclass: it is a modernized bird that is often encountered today with no teeth, no pygostil and united metacarpals. This sub class has several super ordos namely super ordo odontognathae, super ordo palaeognathae, super ordo neognathae.

Has 12 orders, among others:

1. Order struthioniformes: is a statue that has a height of about 2 meters and above but this type of aves can not fly. An example is the ostrich (Struthio camelus).

2. Order casuariformes: judging from the name we already know is the nation of casuari birds, wings are small, about 1.7 meters high and can not fly much found tropical regions like papua australia. Species Dromicelus sp

3. Order of aptergiformes: is an order that has the characteristics of a beak that panajng, there is a hole in the tip of the beak, the shape of the feathers almost like hair, kiwi example.

4. Order procellariiformes: groups of birds that have a tubular nostril that is tubular, layered beak and where life is in the sea. Example Oceanodroma sp

5. Order of ciconiiformes: birds whose neck and long legs, where his life in the fields and berkolon example blekok, flaminggo etc.

6. Order peleciformes: the character of a large beak, vestigas nostrils live also sea seagull example

7. Order anseriformes: is a nation of ducks, Anas sp has a wide beak, short tail, swim-type legs.

8. Orfo falconiformes: is a country of strong falcon barung with very sharp nails of cotohnya eagle, eagle etc. This bird flies very fast and can maneuver.

9. Order galliformes: is a short-sized beak bird and ska feeding seeds such as rice grains such as chicken

10. The order of columbiformes: also has a short beak unique to this bird has a cache functioning as a place penyimpana great food, for example Columba livia (pigeon)

11. Order psittaciiformes: is a bird that has a loud voice for example cockatoo

12. And last order dtigiformes for example owls. Where the owl can rotate its head from front to back and so on, this bird activity at night, like looking for food and others