What is Euglenophyta's traits, habitats, classifications, and roles for life

What is Euglenophyta's traits, habitats, classifications, and roles for life

A. definition

Protists are eukaryotic (have nuclear membrane), unicellular or multicellular (multicellular), and autotroph or heterotrophs. Protista is divided into 3 namely, Protozoa, Algae, and Fungi.

Protists that possess traits such as animals (Protozoa), such as Rhizopoda move and arrest food using pseudo feet or pseupodia. Rhizopods live in the sea, fresh water, animal bodies, or humans, for example Entamoeba histolityca (the cause of dysentery).

Protists that have plant-like features (algae / algae) are Euglenophyta character is unicellular, has no cell wall, has a chlorophyll capable of photosynthesis, and has a flagellum, for example Euglena, Pyrophyta. Most Pyrophyta are Dinoflagellata, live in seawater, but some live in freshwater, unicellular, have cell walls, and are able to move actively, for example Ceratium.

Protists that have characteristics such as fungi (fungi) is Myxomycota (slime mold), in its life cycle, Myxomycota produce free living cells that are shaped like amoeboid. When lack of food, these free cells form a slimy period. In this paper will be discussed more deeply about the protista that has the characteristics of plants (algae / algae) is Euglenophyta.

A. Features of Euglenophyta

characteristic feature of Euglenophyta

· Unicelullar

· Generally has a flagel that is not the same length (Heterokontae)

Number of flagella 2 or 4

· Generally live in fresh water rich in organic matter

· Autotrophic, because it has chlorophyll a and b, β carotene and some xanthofilyaitu astaxanthin

· Heterotrophic due to eating organic material / bacteria are available.

· Some have chloroplasts (can photosynthesize) some are not able to photosynthesize.

· The photosynthesis is called Phototrophic

Non-photosynthesis is called Osmotrophic (feed by diffusion)

· The third group is called Phagotrophic (eating by capturing food)

· Cell walls are not made of cellulose but thin membranes are composed of spiral-shaped protein layers

· Have eye spots called stigmas

· Eyespot (stigma) bright red light-sensitive. This red pigment is an astaxanthin

· Food reserves of paramilum are the intermediate forms of polysaccharides

· The anterior end of the cell in the form of the cytostom and below is the throat

B. Habitat / Distribution

Euglenophyta habitat

In accordance with the motion device (flagel) most of Euglenophyta live in the waters ranging from fresh water, sea water and mud.Even extreme, Euglena can live in the tadpole.

C. Cell Structure

Euglenophyta already has a fixed nucleus and has a chloroplast as in high plants. Therefore Euglena can carry out photosynthesis and grow as well as in high plants. All euglenoid have one or two flagella that cause them to move actively. The euglenophyta cell has a fixed shape, its cell wall composed of a thin film that can follow the euglenoid cell gestures, which can change shape at any time.

· Parts of euglenophyta cells

1. The anterior edge of the cell in the form of sitostoma

2. The gullet consists of a narrow and posterior neck

3. Flagella

4. Vakuola contraction

5. Chloroplast

6. A red pigment that has eye spots

D. Reproductive System

1. Asexual

reproduction of Euglenophyta

Euglena proliferates by dividing by binary division. At first its core is split, then diliki plikaya dibilikan elongated. Then two child cells are formed. Each child cell has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The elegantly moving pad, the cell division begins from the anterior edge. In genera with one flagella, the blepharoplast first divides into two, one carries its flagellum and another produces a new flegella. In those with two flagella can occur one of the tiller cells carrying the two old flagella and the other tiller cells will produce two new flagella or can occur each of the tiller cells menggabawa one flagel and then each produce one more flagel. Cell division in the non-active cell can take place in a state wrapped by a mucous membrane. Sometimes protoplasts do not come out of their membranes before splitting again. In such cases a non-permanent colony will form, at which point the cell will move again.

Sexual

The presence of vegetative cell cultivation on euglenoid ever encountered. Then there is also the autogamy (merging the two seedling tillers in the cell) ever encountered on the phacus. In general euglena sp. splitting away longitudinally during life as a plankton that can divide when it is in the cyst. 

E. Classification and examples

The euglenophyta class is divided into three orders, namely:

1. Euglenales

2. Paranemales / Eutreptiales

3. Rhabdomonadales

Examples of species from the Euglenophyta group

· Euglena (green)

Includes all members of Euglenophyceae who during their lifetime cells have a flagellum and can move. His life is solitary, never forming colonies. Chloroplast-shaped discs to form ribbons. Euglenophyta food varies greatly across all living organisms. When Euglena grows in the dark with a suitable organic subtract then the color will disappear, but will return to color when there is light. Euglena food reserve form paramylum, which is a carbohydrate in the form of ring discs, stems or round, sometimes relatively large in size.

Euglena can also give color to water when found in large quantities. Usually found in many small ponds that contain lots of organic material.

Its classification

Kingdom Protista

Phylum Euglenophyta

Class Euglenoidea

Order of Euglenales

Family Euglenaceae

Genus Euglena

Euglena viridis species

F. The role of Euglenophyta

A. Positive

· Field of fishery, algae is a phytoplankton that serves as fish food.

· Aquatic economics in aquatic ecosystems, algae are primary producers, ie as providers of organic and oxygen for water animals, such as fish, shrimp, and water insects.

In the world of science, Euglena is often used as an object, because these algae are easily obtained and cultured and as organic digestion.

B. Negative

· Contaminate the water source

· Stockpiling of sediment on the bottom of ponds and lakes.

Bibliography

ach-e11.blogspot.co.id

ilmubiologi.,com

blogspot,co.id/2013/01/makalah-protista-euglenophyta.html