I.
practicum
Date: March 3, 2016
II.
Pratikum
Title: Cells
III.
Objective
pratikum:
1. To examine the structure of the flow cell and the cytoplasm
2. To observe the chloroplasts
3. To observe kromoplas
4. To observe the structure of starch potatoes
5. To observe the structure of the rice starch
6. To observe the structure of starch in maize
7. To observe grain aleurone
1. To examine the structure of the flow cell and the cytoplasm
2. To observe the chloroplasts
3. To observe kromoplas
4. To observe the structure of starch potatoes
5. To observe the structure of the rice starch
6. To observe the structure of starch in maize
7. To observe grain aleurone
IV.
Basic
theory :
The cell is the smallest unit in living beings. It poses protoplasm that is composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids (Savitri, 2005: 25).
The plant cell is defined as the basic unit of an organic universal. The structures that distinguish plant cells and other cells is the presence of cell wall is the outer layer of cells that is adjacent to the cell membrane (Mulyono, 2009: 619).
Cells divided into two eukaryotic ie having a complex structure whose contents encased by a plasma membrane, prokaryotic that do not have nuclear membrane binding organelles (Yuni, 2005: 67)
The cell is the smallest unit in living beings. It poses protoplasm that is composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids (Savitri, 2005: 25).
The plant cell is defined as the basic unit of an organic universal. The structures that distinguish plant cells and other cells is the presence of cell wall is the outer layer of cells that is adjacent to the cell membrane (Mulyono, 2009: 619).
Cells divided into two eukaryotic ie having a complex structure whose contents encased by a plasma membrane, prokaryotic that do not have nuclear membrane binding organelles (Yuni, 2005: 67)
.
V.
Tools and Materials:
A. Tool
1. Microscope
2. Glass objects
3. Razor
4. Pipette drops
B. Materials
1. Hydrilla verticillata leaves in water
2. A cross section Ameranthus spinous spinach leaves in water
3. The cross section umbu carrot Daucus carota
4. Fluid umbu potato Solanum tuberosum
5. scrapings grain rice Oryza sativa in water
6. Fluid Zea mays corn starch fruit in water
7. The cross section seed endosperm bark Ricinus communis
8. A cross section jagug Zea mays fruit in water
A. Tool
1. Microscope
2. Glass objects
3. Razor
4. Pipette drops
B. Materials
1. Hydrilla verticillata leaves in water
2. A cross section Ameranthus spinous spinach leaves in water
3. The cross section umbu carrot Daucus carota
4. Fluid umbu potato Solanum tuberosum
5. scrapings grain rice Oryza sativa in water
6. Fluid Zea mays corn starch fruit in water
7. The cross section seed endosperm bark Ricinus communis
8. A cross section jagug Zea mays fruit in water
VI.
Ways of working
1. The flow of cytoplasm
Taken one Hydrilla verticillata leaves were placed on a glass slide that has been poured water and then taken with a microscope.
2. plastids
Transverse incision is made spinach leaves, then placed on a glass slide that has been given a drop of water, and then observed with a microscope.
3. Substance ergastik
Cut potato tubers, and then stabbed the cut section after it squeezed the water, the juice spilled on a glass slide, and then etched with a little distilled water and covered with a cover glass, and observed with a microscope.
Tusk pierced corn kernels, then squeezed the starch on the glass object. Plus one drop of water, covered with cover glass, and observed under a microscope.
4. aleurone
An incision is made seed endosperm bark, is placed on a glass slide, and then little drops of water and covered with a glass lid, and then observed under a microscope.
Transverse incision is made corn pieces, placed on a glass slide, and then little drops of water and covered with a glass lid, and then observed under a microscope.
1. The flow of cytoplasm
Taken one Hydrilla verticillata leaves were placed on a glass slide that has been poured water and then taken with a microscope.
2. plastids
Transverse incision is made spinach leaves, then placed on a glass slide that has been given a drop of water, and then observed with a microscope.
3. Substance ergastik
Cut potato tubers, and then stabbed the cut section after it squeezed the water, the juice spilled on a glass slide, and then etched with a little distilled water and covered with a cover glass, and observed with a microscope.
Tusk pierced corn kernels, then squeezed the starch on the glass object. Plus one drop of water, covered with cover glass, and observed under a microscope.
4. aleurone
An incision is made seed endosperm bark, is placed on a glass slide, and then little drops of water and covered with a glass lid, and then observed under a microscope.
Transverse incision is made corn pieces, placed on a glass slide, and then little drops of water and covered with a glass lid, and then observed under a microscope.
VII.
observation result
 |
the flow of cytoplasm
|
VIII.
Discussion
The cell is the smallest structural integrity is physiological in a living organism. Cells prepared by protoplasm and the cell wall. Ie the whole of cell protoplasm consisting of the cytoplasm, the protoplasm are organle-cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids and others. The cytoplasm is a fluid more concentrated with chemical and physical composition is very complex and exhibits a prominent, namely plasma flow that goes in one direction. This can be observed by the movement of objects such cytoplasmic plastids. Plastids can be divided into five types based pigments, namely: chloroplasts, amilopas, elaroplas and leukoplas. In non protoplasts contained vacuoles and ergastik substances. Ergastik substances are compounds which is stored in the metabolism of starch sample cell. Starch is the most common carbohydrate in plants, functioning as a backup food like tubers, seeds and stems.
In lab and observe things in a stream of cytoplasm and chloroplasts in leaf hydrilla verticillata kromoplas on Daucus carota observe, observe the starch in potato tubers fluid Solanum tuberosum
At hydrilla leaf when observed under a microscope, clearly visible cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm chloroplasts and flow, the flow in the rotation, the movement occurs regularly and lasts dialam cell, the cytoplasm flow can be seen in the movement of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are plastids are green and shaped small round plate.
On Daucus carota kromoplas we observed that the plastids in addition to the dominant green color in carrots orange. In liquid Solanum tuberosum, as observed microscopically visible Hillu and lamella, hillus is located in the middle section, the starting point is formed lamella.
The cell is the smallest structural integrity is physiological in a living organism. Cells prepared by protoplasm and the cell wall. Ie the whole of cell protoplasm consisting of the cytoplasm, the protoplasm are organle-cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids and others. The cytoplasm is a fluid more concentrated with chemical and physical composition is very complex and exhibits a prominent, namely plasma flow that goes in one direction. This can be observed by the movement of objects such cytoplasmic plastids. Plastids can be divided into five types based pigments, namely: chloroplasts, amilopas, elaroplas and leukoplas. In non protoplasts contained vacuoles and ergastik substances. Ergastik substances are compounds which is stored in the metabolism of starch sample cell. Starch is the most common carbohydrate in plants, functioning as a backup food like tubers, seeds and stems.
In lab and observe things in a stream of cytoplasm and chloroplasts in leaf hydrilla verticillata kromoplas on Daucus carota observe, observe the starch in potato tubers fluid Solanum tuberosum
At hydrilla leaf when observed under a microscope, clearly visible cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm chloroplasts and flow, the flow in the rotation, the movement occurs regularly and lasts dialam cell, the cytoplasm flow can be seen in the movement of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are plastids are green and shaped small round plate.
On Daucus carota kromoplas we observed that the plastids in addition to the dominant green color in carrots orange. In liquid Solanum tuberosum, as observed microscopically visible Hillu and lamella, hillus is located in the middle section, the starting point is formed lamella.
IX.
Conclusion
1. The cell is the smallest structural integrity is physiological in a living organism.
2. Cells prepared by protoplasm and the cell wall.
3. The whole of the cell protoplasm is composed of cytoplasm.
4. The cytoplasm is a fluid more concentrated with chemical makeup.
5. The plastids there are five kinds: chloroplasts, amilopas, elaroplas and leukoplas.
6. On the non protoplasts contained vacuoles and ergastik substances.
7. Substance ergastik that the compounds stored in cell metabolism
8. The flow of cytoplasm and chloroplasts in leaf hydrilla verticillata, kromoplas on Daucus carota, starch in potato tubers Solanum tuberosum fluid.
9. In hydrilla leaves clearly visible cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm chloroplasts and flow.
10. In the liquid Solanum tuberosum, as observed microscopically visible Hillu and lamella.
1. The cell is the smallest structural integrity is physiological in a living organism.
2. Cells prepared by protoplasm and the cell wall.
3. The whole of the cell protoplasm is composed of cytoplasm.
4. The cytoplasm is a fluid more concentrated with chemical makeup.
5. The plastids there are five kinds: chloroplasts, amilopas, elaroplas and leukoplas.
6. On the non protoplasts contained vacuoles and ergastik substances.
7. Substance ergastik that the compounds stored in cell metabolism
8. The flow of cytoplasm and chloroplasts in leaf hydrilla verticillata, kromoplas on Daucus carota, starch in potato tubers Solanum tuberosum fluid.
9. In hydrilla leaves clearly visible cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm chloroplasts and flow.
10. In the liquid Solanum tuberosum, as observed microscopically visible Hillu and lamella.
X.
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