Complete reptile class feature. Classification,
breeding
1. Definitions
The word reptilian
comes from the word reptum which means reptile. Reptiles are the first group of
land animals to breathe life in the lungs. A common feature of this class that
distinguishes it from other classes is that its entire body is covered by dry
skin and scales (Siller, 2009: 256).
Reptiles have dry skin,
covered by epidermal scales. The skull from the reptilian itself is slightly
depressed to the lateral, vertebrae (split vertebrae) divided into servicalis,
thoracic (chest), lumbar, sacral and caudal (tail). The fingers are equipped
with sharp claws. Some of these keals have a 2 heart pulmo as well as two
chambers, internal verticalization. There are two pairs of eksterminitas namely
anterior and posterior eksterminitas. These are some of the characteristics of
the reptile class. The reptilian is
referred to in vertebrate tetrapods in general, but some of them have reduced
or completely lost their legs. Reptiles without limb reduction generally have
five fingers (Glaw, 2004: 37)
The reptile class is
divided into 4 orders: Rhycocephalia (eg tutara), Chelonia (eg turtles),
Squamata (serpenthes), and Crocodila (crocodiles) (Brotowijoyo, 2006: 88).
2. Characteristics
In addition to some of
the above characteristics I will describe other features possessed by reptiles,
including:
1. Squama that covers
the body of reptiles made of horn substances, this is different from the squama
owned by pisces.
2. Cranium articulates
with vertebrae with one occipital caudilus
3. In general these
animals are cold-blooded (body temperature is influenced by the environment).
4. The order of
chelonia is the only one who aspires to cloaca and squamic order squam with
pulmo with farink walls of many blood vessels.
5. It is the first
living terrestrial animal to breathe with pulmo if we see from other subphylum
vertebrates.
6. There is a palate
(ceiling of the mouth) in both cvum oris and naso cavum.
7. Pentadactyla limb
(has five fingers on each eksterminitas) # if there is.
8. Have 5 zones of
vertebral columna that is sevikalis, sacralis, thoracic, caudalis, abdominalis.
9. Ren metaneprus, cast
there 3 septa (2 arteries and 1 chamber)
10. Have 12 pairs of
nerves, have 19 orders and 4 of them are still alive today.
3. Breeding
It has an embryonic
membrane (amonion) that covers the egg. Proliferation without going through larvae
for example in hatchlings as lizard as mature, just pekembangan high width that
exist in body size. This more advanced breeding can be seen there are two
special traits, first having eggshells and squam on qpidermal (body scales).
4. Classification
There are four orders
that are still alive today: the order of testudinata (chelonia) for example the
nation of turtle turtle, squamata order for example lepidosauria, crocodile
order crocodile example, and last order Rhyncocepalia.
1. Order of testudinata
For example a turtle, a
typical turtle turtle has chelon (shell). Another characteristic is a modified
skeleton into a carapace, a toothless jaw but has a wide body horn, anus in the
form of a transverse calh, an outer layer of skin removed from a piece of strip
(lanula). Based on the habitat there are living on land, sea water,
freshwater). Theca is divided into carapax and plastron, both connected with
the bridge, but only on the anterior and posterior in each bridge it is notched
(grooved). Anterior notch (axial) where the limb protrudes) the posterior notch
(languinal) of the back legs, Thaca itself has two layers of horn and bone.
According to the testudinata neck folds are divided into two subordo yaiitu:
- Subordo crytodira:
which has a neck like the letter F
- Subordo pleurodira
which includes the lateral neck when viewed on the horizontal plane
The tortoise consists
of karapax and plastron. In the plastron there is the humeral (the front of the
forefoot), the pectoral (chest plate), the abdominal, the femoral, the anal, In
karapak there are parts nuktial, costal, neutral, marginal and pigial.
2. Order of squamata (lepidosauria)
Examples of this order
include lizards (Hemidactylus turcicus), geckos (Geceo geceo), lizards (Mabouya
sp). Body part tertutuo by flexible small scales, do not have abdominal ribs.
It is tetrapod (4 legged) except ophidia. Has 2 subordo that is:
- Subordo sauria: with
distinguishable body features to the body, limbs and tail, having eyelids that
can be moved, short and thick tongue, with a pair of holes telonga. Congoh
lizard, gecko lizard.
- Subordo ophidia: for
example is the serpent the eyelids can not be moved and form a bright, And do not have ear holes. In addition to
the snake he has a 3-part body that is the head, body, and tail. The head
shield covers all head surfaces until dorsal, ventral and caudal. The scales on
the dorsal bodies are arranged in da covering the entire surface of the lateral
dorso. Crocodile Order Crocodile. It has a very thick squat feature and is made
of chitin plus it is reinforced with a tbal plate called skuta (protector). The
scales of this crocodile will be sampled one by one not together, caudalnya
thick muscular, anterior pentadactyla exterminities, posterior exterior of
tetradactyla partially have a swimming membrane. The anterior nares at the end
of the restrum allow breathing in the water (so if we see it while diving in
the water it appears only the nose). Has cast 4 spaces between ventrical
sinister with ventrical dexter there is pore pore. One of his species is
Crocodylus porusus.
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