Definitions of mammalian classification characteristics
1. definition
Mammals
are vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary
glands, which in females produce milk as their child's dietary source. Its main
feature is to have a milk gland (gamma mammae) that serves to breastfeed its
newborn child. Her body is generally covered by hair, her skin is equipped with
various glands, her jaw is generally equipped with teeth. Mammals also have
limbs (movers) that are suitable for walking, climbing, digging, flying and
flying. His fingers are equipped with claws, nails or strokes. Mammals are
warm-blooded or endothermic, and fertilization in mammals is internal
fertilization. In
general all types of mammals have hair that covers the body. The amount varies
from one species to another, there is a species whose whole body is covered in
a rupture somewhere on its body part. Mammals are animals homoisterm or often
called warm-blooded animals (Suni ;, 2013: 245).
Based
on the size of mammals dibagia into two large and small mammals. International
programs define that large mammal is a large-sized mammal (Eisenberg, 2008:
75).
Based
on the perfection of the anatomical level of the body, especially the most
perfect Vertebrate cell is the mammal class where the cell level, tissue or
organ is more complex than the class of pisces, amphibian, reptilian and aves
(Herlina, 2001: 243).
2. Characteristics
In
addition to having hair that almost covers all parts of the body of this class
of mammalian vertebrates also have other special features such as:
1.
By body size the body is separated by the head, neck, body of motion, and tail.
Head and body itself length from the snout to the anus. Long tail from the anus
to the tail end (not termasud the long end is located at the tail end). Long
legs (tool motion) ranging from the longest fingertips (not sebasud claws).
2.
Motion: both pairs of limbs comprise of 3 important components such as 1)
proximal segment, 2) middle segment, 3) and distal segment. The deoan leg
consists of the humerus, ulna radius, carpal, metacarpal and phalange. And the
back foot consists of femur, fibia, fibula, patella, tarsal, metatarsal and
phalange.
3.
Have a mammary gland (mammary gland) even if there are some types of mammals
that do not have nipples like monotremata (reproductive mammals by laying
eggs), how do you know how he nursed his son? Yup surprisingly god created the
advantages behind the lack of milk out through the pore gaps in the chest.
4.
It has the most common vertebrae (vertebrae)
5.
Homoioterm (warm-blooded) just like the aves class, and this warm-blooded reptile
of animals there are some hibernating like bears in the winter.
6.
Respiration with lungs
7.
Have the ears
8.
Separate genitalia; So males and females are separated and fertilization takes
place internally and is vivipar
9.
Have a big brain in addition to the big brain is perfect. Functions of the
brain itself is very specific as big brain, cerebellum and others.
10.
Complete digestive system: digestion tools include starting from the mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus. And the type of
teeth present in mammals basically has a neuro-dental (except Cetaceae) type of
molar tooth:
-
bonodont (in omnivorous animals)
-
Type secodont (on carnovore animals)
-
Type lophodont (in most animals herbivore)
-
Type bilophodont (usually found in animals legomorpha and some rodentia)
-
Type selenodont (on most artiodoetyla)
3. Classification
It
is believed that the number of mammal species found on earth is about 6000
species. And the grouping of mammals is divided into two subclasses of this
matter seen from the embryo development that exist in mammals.
1.
Subclass of protheria: is the type of
mammals that reproduction by menggunakn eggs where embryonic development occurs
outside the parent body. This we can see for example in the class of aves and
reptiles where the egg is protected by the shell and incubated by the mother.
This subclass consists of only one order of monotermes. The species example is
a platypus that has no nipple.
2.
2.
Sub-class of theria: is what we often meet and his ordina at most. The
embryonic development takes place inside the body
Orders are:
- Orders marsupilia commonly called a mammal that has a
bag and the location of the bag that one of them in the abdomen Examples of
species are kangaroos (megaleia rufa). Kaskus, koala.
- Order
insectivora: the name alone we can know that this type of mammal-eating insects
(insects) example tapir
- Order dermoptera:
its characteristics have a hairy parachute (the skin used to fly) for example
Gakopithecus sp
- Order rodentia (rodents) contuhnya rat house, this
animal has no canine teeth.
- Order of Chiroptera for example java java (Pteropus
edulis)
- Order Lagomorpha:
this type of plant-eating mammals such as rabbits (Oryctolongus cuniculus)
- Ordo Cetaceae: for example d whales, dolphins. Its
characteristic is a place of life where life is ocean.
- Order carnivores: are animals that have this animal's
animal canine feed the meat of this group of animals have sharp claws and nails
used to hunt for example wolf (Canis lupus)
- Order Proboscidae: sebangsan elephant for example
African elephant (Loxodonta africana
- Order Perissodactyla: characteristic has legs that
amount of ganji for example donkey (Equus asinus) tapir (Tapirus indicus).
- Order of Artiodactyla: contonhnya cow (Bos indicus)
goat (Aries sp)
- Ordo primate order is divided into 4 famli namely 1)
lemuridae tribe from lemur lemuran.2) Family Cecropithecidae for example
monkey. 3) Pongidae family for example gorillas. And 4) Hominidae family for
example Homo sapiens.
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