What Different smooth vs rough ER

what DIFFERENCE (endoplasmic reticulum) SMOOTH and Rough
I have already explained the problem of the Endoplasma Reticulum in general but not for the specific difference between the fine and rough RE. So on this occasion will be explained clearly how the unique characteristics between the two.

#Flash back
There are two distinct areas of RE in terms of structure and function and they are mutually interconnected. It is a smooth ER that does not have a ribosome on its outer surface. And rough ER (rough ER), which has ribosomes on its surface, causes a rough structure when viewed from an electron microscope, the ribosome is also attached to the outer membrane of the nuclear membrane and will connect directly to the RE in addition to facing the cytoplasm.

Smooth re

- Structure
When viewed with the transverse position of the RE will look like a membrane consisting of a sacked pouch or sisterna pouch. The RE is also connected to the nucleic membrane. The RE membrane covers the living room or RE lumen

- Function

In terms of the function of RE smoothly perform its role in metabolic processes such as carbohydrate processing, pleated synthesis and detoktifikasi drugs and toxins. Enzyme enzymes in this RE will be used in lipid synthesis such as oil, phospholipids, steroids. The sex hormones of vertebrates and the various steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal glands are the result of the synthesis of steroids from the fine RE. Cells that synthesize these hormones secrete in the testicular and ovarian organs so that inside the organs are rich in fine RE. In terms of protecting and detoxifying toxins and drugs are also performed by various other enzymes, this can be seen in vital organs (liver). In carrying out the detoctification process usually requires the involvement of adding hydroxyl groups to drugs so that the molecules are easily dissolved in the body and will be easily excreted along with urine. Examples of drugs typically treated (metabolically) by fine RE are drugs such as sedative, phenobarbital and various barbiturates. In fact, barbiturates, alcohols and many other oabtan drugs that induce smooth RE propagation and detoxification enzymes will lead to an increase in the rate of detoxification. This makes the rate of dissolution of the drug more rapidly resulting in the addition of higher doses to achieve certain effects such as in calming a person by using drugs.

Propagation from the RE will subtly react to other drugs, in the case of barbiturate abuse will have an effect on the effectiveness of antibiotics and other drugs to protect the body. The fine RE also stores oins such as calcium in the muscle cells, for example, can be seen when a fine RE specializes in pumping calcium ion ions from the cytosol into the RE lumen. When the muscle cells undergo the destruction of the nerve impulse, the calcium ion ions will spread and move across the RE membrane and re-cytosol so that will trigger muscle contraction tesebut. In other types of cells when the calcium ion is released from the fine RE it will trigger a different response depending on the function desired by the organ.

Rough RE

- Structure

The roughest RE is unique to the outer surface of the ribosome, so it can be distinguished from the fine RE when viewed from the electron micrograph (TEM), in addition to the rough RE overgrown by shoots from the transport vesicles so that this region is called the transitional ER and bumps into the Golgi apparatus and the tujaun The other end.

- Function

Many types of cells that secrete proteins produced by ribosomes are attached to rough RE. For example, certain pancreatic cells are able to process insulin proteins in the ER and secrete this hormone into the bloodstream. When the polepetide chain grows from the ribosome it will be released into the RE lumen through the pore pores in the RE membrane. When going into the RE lumen the protein will turn into its original form. Some of the secreted proteins are glycoproteins. That is a protein that binds carbohydrates covalently. In the process of binding is done in the RE and assisted by a specialized molecule.

If the secretion protein is complete then the RE membrane in charge of maintaining that protein will release the protein produced by the ribosome before, then the protein will be free and will remain in the cytosol. The next stage of the protein is moving away from the RE in a state vented by a vesicle, the vesicle has a bubble-like shape that is the focal point of the specialized RE area (transitional RE). The vesicle then moves to another cell called the transport vesicle.

In addition to secreting protein secretions, rough RE is also used as a membrane plant for cells. Rough RE grows and develops by adding membrane and phospholipid proteins into the membrane

What Different smooth vs rough ER