foundation pesikologi education
Psychology comes from
the Greek word "psyche" which means soul. Logos means knowledge. So
psychology etymologically means "study of the soul, both on the symptoms,
as well as background process". But understanding between psychiatry and
psychology are actually different or not the same (according Gerungan in
Khodijah: 2006). Psychology is psychology broadly to include khalayan and
speculation about the soul. Psychology is the science of the soul obtained
systematically with scientific methods.
According Pidarta
(2007: 194) Psychology or psychology is the study of the human soul. The soul
is the spirit in a state of physical control, which can be influenced by the
surrounding nature. The human soul develops parallel to the physical growth.
Education always involves aspects of the human psyche, so that the foundation
of psychological education is a cornerstone in the educational process that
addresses a range of information about human life in general as well as the
symptoms are related to aspects of the human person at every stage of the age
of this particular development to recognize and respond to the people according
to the stages age of development which aims to facilitate the educational
process.
2. 1 Psychological Development
There are three
theories or approaches to development. The approach in question is (Nana
Syaodih, 1989).
1. Approach phasing. Individual development
goes through certain stages. At each stage has special characteristics that are
different from the characteristics of the other stages.
2. Approach differential. This approach is
seen individuals that have similarities and differences. On this basis then
people making groups. Children who have in common into one group. Then there
was a group based on gender, intellectual ability, talent, race, socioeconomic
status, and so on.
3. Approach ipsatif. This approach seeks to
look at the characteristics of each individual, may be referred to as an
individualized approach. Seeing the development of individual people.
Of the three
approaches, the most implemented are phasing approach. There are 2 kinds
phasing approach that is comprehensive and specific nature. Comprehensive cover
all aspects of development as a factor taken into account in drafting stages of
development, while the special nature mempertimbang only certain factor as the
basis for formulating the stages of child development, such as phasing Piaget,
Koglberg, and Erikson.
Psychology of
development according to future development of children Rouseau split into four
phases:
1. Infancy of 0-2 years is largely a physical
development.
2. Childhood of 2-12 years who declared the
new development as a primitive human life.
3. Puberty from 12-15 years, marked by the
development of the mind and a willingness to adventure.
4. The period of adolescence from 15-25
years, the growth of prominent sexual, social, conscience, and moral. These
teens have started studying cultured.
2. 2 Psychology of Learning
According Pidarta
(2007: 206) learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result
of the experience (not the result of the development, the influence of drugs or
accident) and can carry it out at the other knowledge and be able to
communicate it to others.
Psychologically,
learning can be defined as "an attempt by someone to obtain a conscious
change in behavior from the interaction with the environment" (Slameto,
1991: 2). This definition implies two meanings. First, that the study is an
attempt to achieve a specific goal that is to get a change in behavior. Second,
the behavioral changes that occur must consciously.
From the definition
above study, the activities and efforts to achieve a change in behavior was
seen as a learning process, whereas changes in behavior itself is seen as a
learning outcome . This means that learning is essentially related to two
things: the process of learning and
learning outcomes.
Psychologists tend to
use the patterns of human behavior as a model of the principles of learning.
These principles learned hereinafter commonly referred to Learning Theory.
1. The theory of classical learning, can
still be used, among others, to memorize multiplication and training issues
(Mental Discipline). Naturalist theory can be used in non-school education,
especially the education of a lifetime.
2. The theory of behaviorism learn helpful in
developing real behaviors, such as diligent, score high, do not fight and so
on.
3. The theories of cognition learn useful in
studying complex material that requires understanding, to solve problems and to
develop ideas (Pidarta, 2007: 218).
2. 3 Social Psychology
According to Hollander
(1981) Social psychology is the psychology of a person's studying psychology in
society, which combines the characteristics of psychology to the social
sciences to study the influence of society on individuals and between
individuals (cited Pidarta, 2007: 219).
Formation of first
impressions of others had three main key.
1. Personality people. Perhaps we have heard
of him before or stories similar to it, particularly about his personality.
2. The behavior of that person. When viewing
a person's behavior after the deal, then connect with the stories I've ever
heard.
3. Background situation. Both of the above
data is then associated with the situation at that time, then the combination
of the three data that will come out first impression about that person.
In education, a
positive first impression is raised educator will give the willingness and
enthusiasm of children's learning. Motivation is also a social psychological
aspect, because without any particular motivation person difficult to socialize
in the community. In connection with it, educators have an obligation to
explore the motivation of children to appear, so they are happy to learn in
school. According to Klinger (cited Pidarta, 2007: 222) the factors that
determine the motivation to learn are:
1. The interests and needs of the individual.
2. The perception of the difficulty of the
tasks.
3. Expectations of success.
2. 4 Readiness Learning and Individual Aspects
Readiness to learn in
general is the ability to benefit from the experience that he found.
Complementary learners or learners as subjects outline can be divided into five
groups:
1. Character, is the innate nature that is
almost irreversible. For example, the character of the grumpy, taciturn, aloof,
like to talk, and so on.
2. Ability general (IQ), intelligence is of a
general nature. This capability can be used as predictions about the success of
someone finishing a job or level of education undertaken.
3. The special ability or talent, is the ability
of certain inborn. This ability generally give direction to one's ideals,
especially when talent underserved in education.
4. Personality, is the appearance of a person
in general, such an attitude, the amount of motivation, strong will, tabahnya
face barriers, appreciation of others, modesty, tolerance and so on.
5. Background, is the environment in which
terutamam raised a family environment. This neighborhood is very big influence
on the mental development of infants and children.
Individual aspects that
will be developed is
1. Spiritual
a. General: Religion, feelings, wishes,
thoughts
b. Social: Social, love of the homeland
2. Physical
a. skills
b. Health
c. The beauty of the body
2. 5 Development of Students as a Psychological Basis
The development is a
process of change in humans both physically and mentally from inside the womb
until the man died. The process of development in humans occurs because people
are maturing and learning over time.
Maturity is the changes
that occur in individuals due to their physical and biological growth, for
example, a child who grew into adults will experience a change in their
physical and mental.
Learners are always in
a process of change, both for growth and for development. Growth is mainly due
to the influence of internal factors as a result of maturity and the maturing
process, whereas development mainly due to environmental influences. As an
example of the growth is encouraged to talk for talk organ maturity at the age
of 1-2 years, while the use of certain language in speech depends on the
environment as a result of developments.
In addition, learning
is a continuous process of an experience that will make an individual change
from not knowing to knowing (cognitive), than do not want to be like
(affective) and of can not be able to (psychomotor), for example, a child who
learns riding a bicycle will first be briefed by his parents and the child is trying
to ride a bike to be able to.
Maturity and learning
process will determine the readiness to learn in person, such as someone who is
a good learning process of maturity and will have the readiness to learn much
better with someone learning the process of maturity and poor (Tirtarahardja
and SL La Sulo, 2005: 108-109).
source
Nuzulia, Dian. 2015. http://www.slideshare.net/RahmatSaputra7/landasan-psikologi-pendidikan-2.December 18, 2015 .
Anonymous. http://mahmudakkgaipanji.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/landasan-psikologis-pendidikan.html. December 18, 2015
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