Hydrological Cycle, Understanding, Process, Image, and Explanation
The availability of
water on land can be maintained due to rain. Rain can be created because of a
natural mechanism that takes place in a cycle and continuously. In regulating
the dispersion of water on land, the natural mechanism is known as the hydrological
cycle or water cycle. In this article, we will discuss this hydrological cycle
from the understanding, the process takes place, the illustration drawings, to
the various kinds.
definition of Hydrological Cycle
The hydrologic cycle is
one of the six biogeochemical cycles that take place on earth. The hydrologic
cycle is a cycle or circulation of water from the earth to the atmosphere and
back to the earth that goes on continuously. The hydrologic cycle plays an
important role for the survival of the earth's organisms. Through this cycle,
the availability of water in the land of the earth can be maintained, given the
regular temperature of the environment, weather, rain, and equilibrium of the
earth's ecosystem can be created because of this hydrological cycle process.
Hydrological Cycle
The Process of
Hydrologic Cycles
In practice, in this
hydrological cycle water passes through several stages as described above. The
process stages of the hydrological cycle include evaporation, transpiration,
evapotranspiration, sublimation, condensation, advection, precipitation, run
off, and infiltration. The following is an explanation of each stage of the
cycle.
1. Evaporation
The hydrologic cycle is
preceded by the evaporation of water on the surface of the earth. Water that is
stored in bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, fields, dams or
reservoirs turn into water vapor due to the heat of the sun. Similar
evaporation also occurs in water on the soil surface. Such evaporation is
called evaporation.
Evaporation turns
liquid water into gaseous water allowing it to rise above the Earth's
atmosphere. The higher the sun's heat (eg during the dry season), the amount of
water that becomes water vapor and up into the earth's atmosphere will also be
greater.
Figure Hydrological
Cycle
2. Transpiration
Evaporation of water on
the surface of the earth not only occurs in water bodies and soil. Evaporation
of water can also take place in living organisms, such as animals and plants.
Such evaporation is known as transpiration.
Just like evaporation,
transpiration also converts liquid water into living tissue into water vapor
and brings it up into the atmosphere. However, the amount of water that becomes
vapor through the transpiration process is generally much less than the amount
of water vapor produced through the evaporation process.
3. Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration is
the overall evaporation of water occurring throughout the surface of the earth,
whether that occurs in water bodies and soil, as well as in living organisms.
Evapotranspiration is a combination of evaporation and transpiration. In the
hydrological cycle, this rate of evapotranspiration greatly affects the amount
of water vapor that is transported above the atmospheric surface.
4. Sublimation
In addition to
evaporation, either through evaporation, transpiration or evapotranspiration,
the rise of water vapor from the earth's surface to the earth's atmosphere is
also affected by the sublimation process.
Sublimation is the
process of changing the ice at the poles or at the top of the mountain into
water vapor without passing through the liquid phase first. Although small,
sublimation also continues to contribute to the amount of water vapor that is
transported into the Earth's atmosphere through a long hydrologic cycle.
However, compared to the evaporation process, the sublimation process is said
to be running very slowly.
5. Condensation
When water vapor
generated through the evaporation process, transpiration, evapotranspiration,
and sublimation proceeds up to a certain height point, the water vapor will
transform into very small particles of ice through the condensation process.
The change in the form of water vapor into the ice occurs due to the influence
of very low air temperatures at that point.
The ice particles that
form will approach each other and unite with each other to form clouds. The
more ice particles that join, the clouds that are formed will also be thicker
and black.
6. Advection
Clouds formed from the
condensation process will then undergo advection. Advection is the process of
moving clouds from one point to another in a horizontal due to wind currents or
air pressure differences. Advection allows clouds to spread and move from the
atmosphere of the ocean to the atmosphere of the land. Keep in mind that, the
advection stage does not occur in the short hydrological cycle.
7. Precipitation
Clouds undergoing
subsequent advection will experience a precipitation process. The process of
preparing is the process of melting clouds due to the influence of high
temperatures. It is in this process that rain occurs. Grains of water fall and
wet the surface of the earth. If the air temperature around the cloud is too
low to range <0 degrees Celsius, precipitation allows the occurrence of
snowfall. Clouds that contain lots of water will descend into the lithosphere
in the form of thin snowflakes as we can find in sub-tropical climates.
8. Run Off
After precipitation occurs so that rain water falls to the surface of the
earth, run off process also occurs. Run off or runoff is a process of moving
water from high places to low places on the surface of the earth. The movement
of water for example occurs through channels such as sewer, river, lake,
estuary, sea, until the ocean. In this process, water that has passed through
the hydrological cycle will return to the hydrosphere layer.
9. Infiltration
Not
all rainwater that is formed after the precipitation process will flow on the
surface of the earth through the run-off process. A small part of it will move
into the pores of the soil, seep, and accumulate into groundwater. The process
of movement of water into the soil pore is called the infiltration process. The
infiltration process will slowly bring the groundwater back to the sea. Well,
after going through the run-off process and infiltration, the water that has
undergone the hydrological cycle will re-assemble in the ocean. The water
gradually returns to the next hydrological cycle by starting with the
evaporation process.
Various Kinds of Hydrologic Cycles
Based on the short
length of the process in which the hydrological cycle can be divided into 3
types. Various kinds of hydrological cycles are short hydrologic cycle,
moderate hydrologic cycle, and long hydrologic cycle.
Short Hydrology Cycle Short
Based on the short
length of the process in which the hydrological cycle can be divided into 3
kinds. Various kinds of hydrological cycles are short hydrologic cycle, medium
hydrologic cycle, and long hydrological cycle.
a. Short Hydrology Cycle
Short Hydrology Cycle
Picture
A short hydrologic
cycle is a hydrological cycle that does not go through the advection process.
The water vapor formed through this cycle will be lowered through rain in the
area around the sea. Here is a brief explanation of this short hydrological
cycle:
Sea water is evaporated
and turned into water vapor due to solar heat.
Water vapor will
condense and form clouds.
The clouds that form
will rain on the surface of the sea.
b. Medium Hydrological Cycle
Medium Hydrological
Cycle Picture
Medium hydrologic cycle
is a common hydrological cycle in Indonesia. This hydrologic cycle produces
rain on land because the advocacy process brings clouds that form onto the
land. Here is a brief explanation of this moderate hydrological cycle:
Sea water is evaporated
and turned into water vapor due to solar heat.
Water vapor is
advocated because of the wind so it moves toward land.
In the atmosphere of
the land, water vapor forms clouds and turns into rain.
Rainwater on the land
surface will run off to the river and return to the sea
c. Long Hydrological Cycle
Long Hydrological Cycle
Image
A long hydrologic cycle
is a hydrological cycle that generally occurs in subtropical climates or
mountainous regions. In this hydrologic cycle, clouds are not directly
converted into water, but first fall as snow and form glaciers. Here is a brief
explanation of this long hydrological cycle:
Sea water is evaporated
and turned into water vapor due to solar heat.
The water vapor formed
subsequently undergoes sublimation
Clouds containing ice
crystals are then formed.
Clouds undergo advocacy
process and move to the mainland
Clouds experience
precipitation and descend as snow.
Snow accumulates into a
glacier.
Glaciers melt due to
the influence of air temperature and form a stream.
Water coming from
glaciers flows in the river to get back to the sea.
Well, so exposure to
the understanding of the hydrological cycle, processes and stages, and so on.
Hopefully it can be useful and add to our insights all in the knowledge of ecosystem
science. Regards.
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