Biotic and Abiotic Components, Understanding, and Examples
The ecosystem is
composed of two main components, namely the biotic component and the abiotic
component. These two components interact with each other to achieve balance.
For those of you who do not know what the biotic and abiotic components are,
the following team of eBiologi authors has summarized the ins and outs of the
discussion, ranging from understanding, example, and the relationship between
the two. Please be listened!
Biotic and Abiotic Components
Language, biotic means
life. As traced from the term, understanding of biotic components is defined as
the components of the ecosystem composers in the form of living things. Some
examples of biotic components such as animals, plants, monera, fungi, viruses,
bacteria, and humans. Biotic components reproduce and survive in abiotic
environments.
Contrary to the
definition of biotic, the definition of abiotic components is defined as the
components of the ecosystem composers in the form of inanimate objects. Some
examples of abiotic components such as soil, temperature, sunlight, water, air,
and so forth. Abiotic components greatly affect the type and lifestyle of
biotic components in an ecosystem unit.
Biotic and Abiotic Components
The following describes
the effect of the interaction of the biotic and abiotic components in more
detail.
1. Biotic Components
Humans are one example
of biotic components. In addition to humans, animals, plants, and
microorganisms also belong to this component. Provided that a creature shows
the characteristics of life, the creature is categorized as an example of a
biotic component.
As for its ability to
obtain food, biotic components are classified into 3 levels, namely the level
of autotroph (producer), heterotroph (consumer), and decomposers (decomposer).
a. Organism Autotroph (manufacturer)
An autotrophic organism
called producer is an organism that can produce its own food. Manufacturers
make food by absorbing compounds and inorganic substances to be converted into
organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. The special
characteristic of an autotrophic organism is the presence of chlorophyll in the
body, as in higher plants. In the interaction of biotic and abiotic components,
the autotrophic organism is the beginning of the creation of an ecosystem
balance.
Biotic and Abiotic
Components
b. Heterotrophic organisms (consumers)
Heterotrophic organisms
also called consumers are organisms that use organic materials derived from
other organisms as a source of energy and food. The autotrophic organism can
not produce its own food. Examples of such biotic compounds include humans and
animals that act as either carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.
c. Decomposer
Decomposers are
organisms that convert organic materials from dead organisms into inorganic
compounds through the decomposition process. Examples of these biotic
components such as fungi, bacteria, algae, worms, and so forth. Some
decomposers that use organic waste of decomposition products are also called
detritivors. Examples of these organisms include wood ticks.
The three levels of
biotic components ranging from autotrophic organisms, heterotrophs, and
decomposers all interact with each other to form a biotic natural phenomenon
such as food chain patterns, food pyramids, etc. as described in the next
article.
2. Abiotic Components
Abiotic component is
the component of the ecosystem in the form of dead. The abiotic component has
an enormous influence on the life of the biotic component. Here are some
examples of abiotic components and their explanations.
a. Air
An example of the first
abiotic component is air. Air is a collection of gases that make up the Earth's
atmosphere. The gas is composed of oxygen (21.9%), Nitrogen (78.1%), carbon
dioxide (0.03%), and other gases in small quantities. Air has a great influence
on the life of biotic components, for example the oxygen content in the air
that supports human respiration or carbon dioxide content that supports
photosynthesis for autotrophic organisms.
b. Water
The volume of water on
earth reaches 1.4 billion km3. The volume comes from sea water (97%), fresh
water (0.75%), and iceberg (2%). The volume of water on earth will be fixed due
to the hydrological cycle. Water is an example of an abiotic component of an
ecosystem whose role is vital to life on earth. Water is used for various
purposes of life, ranging from for photosynthesis, support tissue metabolism,
and so forth. The availability of water is a factor that greatly affects the
state of the biotic and abiotic components in the ecosystem.
c. Decomposer
Decomposers are organisms
that convert organic materials from dead organisms into inorganic compounds
through the decomposition process. Examples of these biotic components such as
fungi, bacteria, algae, worms, and so forth. Some decomposers that use organic
waste of decomposition products are also called detritivors. Examples of these
organisms include wood ticks.
The three levels of
biotic components ranging from autotrophic organisms, heterotrophs, and
decomposers all interact with each other to form a biotic natural phenomenon
such as food chain patterns, food pyramids, etc. as described in the next
article.
2. Abiotic Components
Abiotic component is
the component of the ecosystem in the form of dead. The abiotic component has
an enormous influence on the life of the biotic component. Here are some
examples of abiotic components and their explanations.
a. Air
An example of the first
abiotic component is air. Air is a collection of gases that make up the Earth's
atmosphere. The gas is composed of oxygen (21.9%), Nitrogen (78.1%), carbon
dioxide (0.03%), and other gases in small quantities. Air has a great influence
on the life of biotic components, for example the oxygen content in the air
that supports human respiration or carbon dioxide content that supports
photosynthesis for autotrophic organisms.
b. Water
The volume of water on
earth reaches 1.4 billion km3. The volume comes from sea water (97%), fresh
water (0.75%), and iceberg (2%). The volume of water on earth will be fixed due
to the hydrological cycle. Water is an example of an abiotic component of an
ecosystem whose role is vital to life on earth. Water is used for various
purposes of life, ranging from for photosynthesis, support tissue metabolism,
and so forth. The availability of water is a factor that greatly affects the
state of the biotic and abiotic components in the ecosystem.
c. Sunlight
Sunlight, both from the
intensity and quality can greatly affect the life of an ecosystem. The
intensity of sunlight that is so high in the desert ecosystem area for example,
has forced desert organisms to adapt morphologically, physiologically, and behaviorally.
In addition, sunlight also helps autotrophic organisms in their photosynthesis.
d. Soil
The soil is formed from
a process of weathering rocks that lasted for a very long time. Land is
composed of 4 main components, namely mineral materials, organic materials,
water, and air. The soil becomes a growing medium for autotrophic organisms.
The soil is also used heterotrophic organisms as a place to find food.
e. Temperature
Temperature is an
abiotic component that often destroys the biodiversity of an ecosystem.
Temperature difference between places is influenced by many factors. The main
factors are solar radiation, latitude, and altitude. At very low temperatures,
certain organisms adapt the morphology by thickening body hair and behavioral
adaptations by hibernation.
In addition to these
four examples, there are still many other abiotic components that have a major
impact on the state of an ecosystem. Some of them include moisture, pH, mineral
salt content, and so forth. Each of these abiotic components is actually in
addition to affecting the life of biotic components also interact with each
other. Biotic and abiotic components form a unified complementary ecosystem.
Thus our exposure at a
glance about the definition of biotic and abiotic components with the complete
example. Hopefully it can be useful in adding your insight into our ecosystem.
Regards.
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